What are the effects of temperature on lithium polymer batteries?

By huanggs
With the development of technology, lithium batteries are widely used due to their maintenance-free, long service life, and no pollution. We can see products using lithium polymer batteries everywhere in our life, such as mobile phones, street lamps, medical equipment, base stations, iron towers, robots, portable mobile offices and so on. We all know that the discharge state of lithium polymer battery products is affected by temperature. For example, both high temperature and low temperature have an impact on the working state of lithium batteries. So what effect does temperature have on lithium polymer batteries?
  1. What damage does low temperature have on lithium polymer batteries
If the lithium battery is used in a low temperature environment for a short time, or the temperature is not low enough, it will only temporarily affect the battery capacity of the lithium battery, but will not cause permanent damage. However, if it is used in a low temperature environment for a long time, or in an ultra-low temperature environment of -40°C, the lithium-ion battery may be "frozen" and cause permanent damage. In addition, charging lithium-ion batteries at low temperatures will precipitate metal lithium on the surface of the battery anode, and this process is irreversible. This will cause permanent damage to the battery and reduce the safety of the battery. Therefore, many lithium battery devices have protection devices that prevent charging at low temperatures.Also read:12v 300ah lithium ion battery Generally, the best operating temperature of lithium batteries is 0 to 35 degrees Celsius. The low temperature environment will reduce the activity of lithium ions, weaken the battery discharge capacity, and shorten the use time.
  1. What damage does high temperature have on lithium polymer batteries
As the temperature decreases, the reaction rate of the electrode also decreases. Assuming the battery voltage remains constant, the discharge current decreases and the battery's power output also decreases. Among all environmental factors, temperature has the greatest influence on the charge and discharge performance of the battery. The electrochemical reaction at the electrode/electrolyte interface is related to the ambient temperature. The electrode/electrolyte interface is regarded as the heart of the battery. The opposite is true if the temperature rises, that is, the output power of the lithium polymer battery will rise. The temperature also affects the transmission speed of the electrolyte, the temperature rises faster, the transmission temperature decreases, the transmission slows down, and the charging and discharging performance of the battery will also be affected. However, if the temperature is too high, exceeding 45°, it will destroy the chemical balance in the battery and cause side reactions. High temperature can reduce the capacity of lithium polymer batteries, this factor will affect all types of devices and even smartphones will also heat up due to work procedures, and laptops will also become very hot when performing load tasks. Laptop batteries are usually located close to the electronic components, and overheating of the components during many tasks can damage the battery. This increase in temperature causes instability in the internal temperature of the lithium polymer battery, further increasing the risk of an internal short circuit and damage to any nearby components. This only happens with LiPo cells without internal support. The lithium-ion battery with a copper support inside is heated to more than 250 degrees, causing the core of the battery to collapse, which in turn melts the copper support. The internal temperature exceeds 1000 degrees Celsius, and the heat spreads rapidly outward, causing thermal runaway.see more:lithium golf battery suppliers In summary: Among all environmental factors, temperature has the greatest impact on the charge and discharge performance of lithium polymer batteries. The electrochemical reaction at the electrode/electrolyte interface is related to the ambient temperature. The electrode/electrolyte interface is regarded as the heart of the battery. In the use of batteries, we should pay attention to the change of ambient temperature.