3 thoughts on “What does the base content of 925 ‰ of the base mean?”
Pauline
Precious Metal Gold
Thousands of gold: The gold content is not less than 999 ‰, which is called the highest value of the jewelry. The mark (the mark of the precious metal jewelry refers to the logo printed on the jewelry) is thousands of gold, 999 gold, GOLD999 or G999. The gold: The gold content is not less than 990 ‰. The mark is foot gold, 990 gold, GOLD990 or G990. k gold: People add metals such as silver, copper, zinc to increase the strength and toughness of gold in gold. In theory, 24K = 100%, converted in turn, such as 18K represents 75%of the gold content. In the jewelry inlaid in the jewelery inlaid, almost all K gold is inlaid with different K gold inlaid. The richest materials are 22 k, 18K, 14 k, 9K. Gold jewelry takes gold, AU or G, and 18K gold as an example as an example of the purity of thousands (K numbers). The mark is 750, AU750, G18K.
Step reading 2 platinum English referred to as pt, platinum pure white can reflect the light of diamonds, so it is often used as a bracket for diamond jewelry. The common purity of platinum jewelry is 990 ‰, 950 ‰, 900 ‰, and 850 ‰. Because the purity of platinum is extremely high, it will not fade or change color, and the high purity of platinum will not cause skin allergies. Platinum jewelery is used with platinum (platinum) or PT with a purity of thousands of thousands, and the mark is PT900, PT990 or foot platinum (foot platinum).
In steps to read 3 silver silver itself is low hard and easy to wear. Therefore, some ordinary metals need to be added during the manufacturing process. It is 925 ‰, the mark is silver 925, AG925, S925. The sterling silver gradually turns from white to yellow to ash in the air. When the silver jewelry turns black, the simplest way to clean is to use toothpaste to wash the surface of the jewelry. In addition, there is a silver cloth on the market that can easily brighten the silver, but it is limited to a certain hardness and smooth silver jewelry. If it is a soft necklace or a hollowed carved jewelry, it is best to go to the jewelry store to ask professionals to clean it with silver decoration liquid.
Professional appraisal personnel can use X fluorescent spectrometers to determine the content of precious metal jewelry. When buying precious metal jewelry, customers can be identified through the mark on the accessories.
Step reading 4
n
n The green green is very vitality, and its delicate and moist characteristics are extremely in line with the aesthetics of the Chinese. Whether it is the beautiful jewelry or the magnificent jade carving mountains, it has merged into the descendants of Yan Huang and grandchildren. Emotional, the essence of Chinese culture.
Fulushou
Emerald is a mineral collection composed of a variety of minerals. , Yellow Emerald; "Cui" single refers to a variety of dark green emeralds. High -quality green emerald is generally called "Gao Cui". The common colors of jadeite are: white, colorless, and various colors of green, red, yellow, purple, black, gray and other types. In the jewelry industry, some of the color combinations of emeralds are given some specific names, such as spring with color: purple, green, and the meaning of spring flowers; Fulu Shou: green, red, purple at the same time exist on a jadeite, symbolizing symbols symbolizing Auspicious Ruyi, representing Fulu Shou Sanxi; colorful jade: There are five colors on the same material, and so on.
Due to the scarce production of high -end emeralds and high prices, merchants optimize some of the poor jadeite to try to increase its value. The optimization method of emerald can be divided into two categories. The main methods of optimization are: soaking wax and thermal treatment. This optimized jadeite is the same as unprocessed natural emeralds. It can be regarded as "A goods" emerald; Wait, this optimized jadeite is commonly known as "B goods" emerald, and the jadeite treated jadeite is commonly known as "C goods" emerald. In addition, there are "B C" and "A C" emerald. Professional appraisal personnel can accurately determine the above -mentioned equipment through infrared spectrometers and other equipment.
In steps to read
5 Naval jade has the longest history and the best quality. Foreign geologists call nephrite as Chinese jade. In ancient to the present, nephrite (Hetian jade) won people's love with its colorful and soft, tough and delicate texture, warm and implicit, and in line with the aesthetic concept of Chinese people. Rate jade has two major advantages. One is: it is inertia for hot and cold, wearing itself, not cold in winter, and not hot in summer; the second is that it can be buried in underground for thousands of years.
The jade carvings The jade is mainly composed of the minemaries of Yangqi stone -like — the yang stone quality series. The spleen of the minerals is small, with characteristic fibrous intertwined structures, which is dense, so the texture of the nephrite is delicate, moist and highly tough. Rate jade is divided into production status: mountain material, mountain flowing water, baby jade (or baby material, sub -material) and Gobi material. Among them, nephrite with the same color, texture and block, the value of the jade with skin is high. Followed by mountains and mountain materials.
The optimization treatment of nephrite is usually soaked, dyeing, combined, grinding, and "old" treatment. The first four can be identified by observing the surface characteristics of jade by the naked eye, enlarging the surface characteristics of the jade, and the infrared spectrum test. "Old" treatment is mainly identified from the aspects of color, the processing technology of the imitation dynasties, and the characteristics of the decoration characteristics. Most of them belong to the category of cultural relics appraisal.
In steps to read 6 The jade (Jade) (Jade) (Jade) Saitama carving Different and different jade names, such as Jiuquan Jade in Gansu, Kunlun jade in Xinjiang, jade jade in Liaoning, and Bao Wenyu and Korean jade in the United States, New Zealand and Afghanistan. The most representative in my country is Liaoning Saitama. Due to the large place of production and large output, it is a low -end jade carving material.
The main composition of snake stone jade is snake -grain stone, with a content of up to 95%. The composition of snake -like stone jade is very small, and it is difficult to distinguish its particles when identifying the naked eye. Only some chip and fiber -shaped directional growth characteristics can be seen at the fracture. During the enlarged inspection, there are a small amount of black mineral, gray -white and transparent mineral crystals, gray -green green mud and stone scales, which are gathered by the black mineral crystals, the white -white and transparent minerals. Brown strip or group block. The optimal treatment methods of sauce jade are: dyeing, wax charging and "old" treatment. The first two optimized processing products can be identified by laboratory testing. The identification is a category of cultural relics.
In steps to read 7 The quartz tribe (polycry) (quartz) agate pendant ers There are many types of jade. The main varieties are quartz rocks, woody stones, agate, chalcedony, Dongling stone, etc.
The composition of quartz jade jade is mainly hidden crystal -Xie crystal quartz, chemical formula is SIO2, which is rich in color and colorless when it is pure. In minerals, different colors can be presented, common white, green, gray, yellow, brown, orange -red, blue, etc. The value of the raw materials of Jieying Jade is generally low, but if the color of the raw materials can form a certain pattern and pattern, such as the red and white colors in the agate are arranged regularly, when forming a silk agate, the uneven color in the jasper When a certain landscape pattern can be formed, the larger the "water bile" of the gall agate, the more "water", and the higher the transparency, the value of the material will increase. The natural varieties, optimized processing varieties and imitation products of Jieying Jade can be identified by routine laboratory testing.
Step reading 8
diamond (diamond)
diamond is known as the "king of gems", which is the most precious in the world. Gemstones are also one of the most loved gems. The mineral name of the diamond is diamond, the main ingredient is C, so it is also called diamond. The quality of diamonds is generally represented by "carat (CT)". When 1ct = 200 mg = 0.2g, the quality of polishing diamonds is represented by "carats", and it is required to accurately reach the two points after the decimal point. For example, 0.998ct should be recorded as 0.99CT, while 0.999CT can be recorded as 1.00ct.
diamond jewelry
diamond rough
For a finished diamond, the international 4C standard is used for grading. The 4C of the diamond is closely related to its price:
2 Cut 2 carat weight cara 2 color color 2 clarity Clarity because of the scarcity and precious diamond, diamonds are many, The oldest is glass. Later, natural colorless vermiculite was used. Later, people continued to produce imitations that are closer to diamonds, such as titanium oxide crystals, artificial pyrine gogenesis, synthetic cubic oxidation, synthetic carbon silica, etc. Essence In general, the imitation of diamonds mainly imitate the characteristics of diamond colorless transparency, high -colored dispersal, high refractive index, but their thermality, hardness, density, bun body, fluorescent properties, and absorption spectrum are different. It can be distinguished through the thermal guidance method, density and weight, polarizing mirror inspection, color dispersing, and refractive index measurement.
In steps to read
9 red, sapphire (Ruby and SAPPHIRE) Ruby originated from Latin Ruber, which means red, and the hot red of ruby makes people always associate it with enthusiasm and love, and is known as "stone of love". Myanmar rubies have an important position in the international jewelry market, and have always been known for the production of "pigeon blood red" ruby. Sapphire's English name Sapphire also originated from Latin SAPPPHINS, which means blue. The ancient Persians believe that the glory of sapphire reflection makes the sky appear blue. It is regarded as a symbol of loyalty and high morals. The sapphire of "Yaru Chrysanthemum" in the Kashmir area has always been known as the best in sapphire. The sapphire and sapphire are known as "four precious gems" with diamonds and emeralds with their magnificent and clear colors, high hardness and scarcity. More precious than sapphire. The scientific names of ruby and sapphire are both juveniles. There are many colors of Gangyu. In addition to the familiar red and blue, it also includes yellow, green, purple, pink, gray and colorless, and so on. Due to its special structure, the Jade Heman has a special optical effect, such as starlight ruby, star sapphire, and color -changing sapphire. If the artificial optimization treatment of Gem Gemstones, in addition to common thermal treatment, also includes dyeing, impregnating color oil, filling and diffusion treatment. Gangyu processing products can be identified through color observation, amplifying the surface, internal characteristics, fluorescent testing, dual -color and conventional physical parameters.
In steps to read Step reading 10 The most important and valuable variety in Beryl (Beryl) is called the "King of Garden" by the world. Emerald green characteristics of emerald can be slightly yellow or blue. The color is soft and bright, with velvet texture. In addition, emeralds are crispy and are easily broken when they are collided with external forces. Therefore, emeralds are often cut into typical staircases, also known as emeralds.
It with common varieties of emeralds, it also has special optical effects and special phenomena, such as emerald cat eyes, starlight emerald, and trapiche. The differences between emerald and similar gems are mainly based on the nature of conventional physical parameters, light characteristics and internal characteristics. The main basis of the identification of the synthetic products is the internal characteristics and the characteristics of infrared spectrum.
In steps to read 11 pearl (pearl) pearls are different from other gemstones, round molding, soft color, pearls, white and clear, no need to ponder processing, it is just without pondering processing. A beautiful and precious jewelry. Since ancient times, people have been cherished by people. People praise pearls as gems "queen", and they are a bright pearl in gems.
pearl jewelry This of the inorganic component of pearls accounted for more than 91%of the mass score, the main body is calcium carbonate (text stones and square lipsticks), and a small amount of magnesium carbonate (magnesium ore), except In addition, it also contains more than 10 trace elements such as CU, Fe, Zn, Mn, MG, CR, SR, PB, NA, K, Ti, V, AL, AG, CO. The main body of the organic ingredients of pearls is shell protein and various pigments, accounting for about 3.5%-7%. The color of the pearl is a comprehensive color, accompaniment and faint color. According to the body color of pearls, pearls can be divided into hundreds of colors, red colors, yellow colors, black colors, and other colors. According to the causes and waters of pearls, pearls can be divided into natural pearls and breeding pearls. At present, most of the world's pearls in the world can be made. China is the main pearl breeding base in the world. The pearls of seawater breeding are mainly distributed in the North Bay and the South China Sea Basin, also known as "South Pearls". Freshwater non -nuclear breeding is mainly concentrated in Zhejiang and Jiangsu. At present, China's freshwater farming pearls exceed 90%of the world's total output.
The natural pearl has delicate texture, uniform structure, thick pearl layer, mostly dignified translucent and strong luster. The pearls of the breeding pearl are thin, the transparency is better, and the gloss is not as good as natural pearls. The shape of natural pearls is more irregular and small in diameter, while the breeding pearl pearls are mostly round and have large particle size, indicating that there are often concave pits and loose texture. Under the light source, slowly turning the pearls, the flash of the breeding pearl nucleus will be seen in the appropriate position, and the parallel stripes in the light and dark stripes in the pearl nucleus can also be seen. The pearl nucleus of breeding pearls is mostly grinded with freshwater mussel shells, so 80%of natural pearls floating in the density of 2.71g/cm3, and 90%of the breeding pearl sinks.
In Step Read 12 Amber (Amber) Amber jewelry This was formed after the geological effects of pine -family resin through the geological effect of millions of years ago The mixture of organic compounds is a famous organic gem. The temptation of amber is not only its beautiful appearance. Ancient animals and plant specimens that may be wrapped inside the amber attract many scholars and collectors from all over the world. They have multiple values such as wearing, scientific research, and collection. At the same time, amber is also a valuable Chinese medicinal material.
The amber has poor thermal conductivity, and it will feel temperature when contacting with lips. When burning, aroma is emitted. Unbusted amber suspended or floating in saturated salt water. However, because the source of amber is difficult to find and the supply is tight, the price of amber in the market has soared in recent years. The illegal merchants have taken the opportunity to imitate or mix with carlite or other resin to bring confusion to the market. In the field of jewelry appraisal, the appraisal of amber, especially the embedded amber jewelry, has become the research hotspots and difficulties of major quality inspection stations and research stations.
In steps to read 13 coral The red coral coral is a low -level intestinal animal coral secretion of calcium Bone formed by objects, and this bone is often produced by branches, known as fire trees. Excessive collection of corals will severely destroy the marine ecology, so corals are listed in the world as a secondary protection animal. Therefore, the existing coral products in the jewelry market are particularly precious.
The corals can be divided into two types of five types according to the ingredients and colors. Calcium type: red coral (also known as expensive coral), white coral, blue coral, horny type: black coral and gold coral Among them, calcium -type corals are easily contained in acid, dripping a small drop of dilute hydrochloric acid in an inconspicuous place, producing a large amount of bubbles, horny corals cannot be sour, but after heating
Precious Metal
Gold
Thousands of gold: The gold content is not less than 999 ‰, which is called the highest value of the jewelry. The mark (the mark of the precious metal jewelry refers to the logo printed on the jewelry) is thousands of gold, 999 gold, GOLD999 or G999.
The gold: The gold content is not less than 990 ‰. The mark is foot gold, 990 gold, GOLD990 or G990.
k gold: People add metals such as silver, copper, zinc to increase the strength and toughness of gold in gold. In theory, 24K = 100%, converted in turn, such as 18K represents 75%of the gold content. In the jewelry inlaid in the jewelery inlaid, almost all K gold is inlaid with different K gold inlaid. The richest materials are 22 k, 18K, 14 k, 9K. Gold jewelry takes gold, AU or G, and 18K gold as an example as an example of the purity of thousands (K numbers). The mark is 750, AU750, G18K.
Step reading
2
platinum
English referred to as pt, platinum pure white can reflect the light of diamonds, so it is often used as a bracket for diamond jewelry. The common purity of platinum jewelry is 990 ‰, 950 ‰, 900 ‰, and 850 ‰. Because the purity of platinum is extremely high, it will not fade or change color, and the high purity of platinum will not cause skin allergies. Platinum jewelery is used with platinum (platinum) or PT with a purity of thousands of thousands, and the mark is PT900, PT990 or foot platinum (foot platinum).
In steps to read
3
silver
silver itself is low hard and easy to wear. Therefore, some ordinary metals need to be added during the manufacturing process. It is 925 ‰, the mark is silver 925, AG925, S925. The sterling silver gradually turns from white to yellow to ash in the air. When the silver jewelry turns black, the simplest way to clean is to use toothpaste to wash the surface of the jewelry. In addition, there is a silver cloth on the market that can easily brighten the silver, but it is limited to a certain hardness and smooth silver jewelry. If it is a soft necklace or a hollowed carved jewelry, it is best to go to the jewelry store to ask professionals to clean it with silver decoration liquid.
Professional appraisal personnel can use X fluorescent spectrometers to determine the content of precious metal jewelry. When buying precious metal jewelry, customers can be identified through the mark on the accessories.
Step reading
4
n
n
The green green is very vitality, and its delicate and moist characteristics are extremely in line with the aesthetics of the Chinese. Whether it is the beautiful jewelry or the magnificent jade carving mountains, it has merged into the descendants of Yan Huang and grandchildren. Emotional, the essence of Chinese culture.
Fulushou
Emerald is a mineral collection composed of a variety of minerals. , Yellow Emerald; "Cui" single refers to a variety of dark green emeralds. High -quality green emerald is generally called "Gao Cui". The common colors of jadeite are: white, colorless, and various colors of green, red, yellow, purple, black, gray and other types. In the jewelry industry, some of the color combinations of emeralds are given some specific names, such as spring with color: purple, green, and the meaning of spring flowers; Fulu Shou: green, red, purple at the same time exist on a jadeite, symbolizing symbols symbolizing Auspicious Ruyi, representing Fulu Shou Sanxi; colorful jade: There are five colors on the same material, and so on.
Due to the scarce production of high -end emeralds and high prices, merchants optimize some of the poor jadeite to try to increase its value. The optimization method of emerald can be divided into two categories. The main methods of optimization are: soaking wax and thermal treatment. This optimized jadeite is the same as unprocessed natural emeralds. It can be regarded as "A goods" emerald; Wait, this optimized jadeite is commonly known as "B goods" emerald, and the jadeite treated jadeite is commonly known as "C goods" emerald. In addition, there are "B C" and "A C" emerald.
Professional appraisal personnel can accurately determine the above -mentioned equipment through infrared spectrometers and other equipment.
In steps to read
5
Naval jade has the longest history and the best quality. Foreign geologists call nephrite as Chinese jade.
In ancient to the present, nephrite (Hetian jade) won people's love with its colorful and soft, tough and delicate texture, warm and implicit, and in line with the aesthetic concept of Chinese people. Rate jade has two major advantages. One is: it is inertia for hot and cold, wearing itself, not cold in winter, and not hot in summer; the second is that it can be buried in underground for thousands of years.
The jade carvings
The jade is mainly composed of the minemaries of Yangqi stone -like — the yang stone quality series. The spleen of the minerals is small, with characteristic fibrous intertwined structures, which is dense, so the texture of the nephrite is delicate, moist and highly tough. Rate jade is divided into production status: mountain material, mountain flowing water, baby jade (or baby material, sub -material) and Gobi material. Among them, nephrite with the same color, texture and block, the value of the jade with skin is high. Followed by mountains and mountain materials.
The optimization treatment of nephrite is usually soaked, dyeing, combined, grinding, and "old" treatment. The first four can be identified by observing the surface characteristics of jade by the naked eye, enlarging the surface characteristics of the jade, and the infrared spectrum test. "Old" treatment is mainly identified from the aspects of color, the processing technology of the imitation dynasties, and the characteristics of the decoration characteristics. Most of them belong to the category of cultural relics appraisal.
In steps to read
6
The jade (Jade) (Jade) (Jade)
Saitama carving
Different and different jade names, such as Jiuquan Jade in Gansu, Kunlun jade in Xinjiang, jade jade in Liaoning, and Bao Wenyu and Korean jade in the United States, New Zealand and Afghanistan. The most representative in my country is Liaoning Saitama. Due to the large place of production and large output, it is a low -end jade carving material.
The main composition of snake stone jade is snake -grain stone, with a content of up to 95%. The composition of snake -like stone jade is very small, and it is difficult to distinguish its particles when identifying the naked eye. Only some chip and fiber -shaped directional growth characteristics can be seen at the fracture. During the enlarged inspection, there are a small amount of black mineral, gray -white and transparent mineral crystals, gray -green green mud and stone scales, which are gathered by the black mineral crystals, the white -white and transparent minerals. Brown strip or group block.
The optimal treatment methods of sauce jade are: dyeing, wax charging and "old" treatment. The first two optimized processing products can be identified by laboratory testing. The identification is a category of cultural relics.
In steps to read
7
The quartz tribe (polycry) (quartz)
agate pendant
ers There are many types of jade. The main varieties are quartz rocks, woody stones, agate, chalcedony, Dongling stone, etc.
The composition of quartz jade jade is mainly hidden crystal -Xie crystal quartz, chemical formula is SIO2, which is rich in color and colorless when it is pure. In minerals, different colors can be presented, common white, green, gray, yellow, brown, orange -red, blue, etc.
The value of the raw materials of Jieying Jade is generally low, but if the color of the raw materials can form a certain pattern and pattern, such as the red and white colors in the agate are arranged regularly, when forming a silk agate, the uneven color in the jasper When a certain landscape pattern can be formed, the larger the "water bile" of the gall agate, the more "water", and the higher the transparency, the value of the material will increase.
The natural varieties, optimized processing varieties and imitation products of Jieying Jade can be identified by routine laboratory testing.
Step reading
8
diamond (diamond)
diamond is known as the "king of gems", which is the most precious in the world. Gemstones are also one of the most loved gems. The mineral name of the diamond is diamond, the main ingredient is C, so it is also called diamond. The quality of diamonds is generally represented by "carat (CT)". When 1ct = 200 mg = 0.2g, the quality of polishing diamonds is represented by "carats", and it is required to accurately reach the two points after the decimal point. For example, 0.998ct should be recorded as 0.99CT, while 0.999CT can be recorded as 1.00ct.
diamond jewelry
diamond rough
For a finished diamond, the international 4C standard is used for grading. The 4C of the diamond is closely related to its price:
2 Cut
2 carat weight cara
2 color color
2 clarity Clarity
because of the scarcity and precious diamond, diamonds are many, The oldest is glass. Later, natural colorless vermiculite was used. Later, people continued to produce imitations that are closer to diamonds, such as titanium oxide crystals, artificial pyrine gogenesis, synthetic cubic oxidation, synthetic carbon silica, etc. Essence In general, the imitation of diamonds mainly imitate the characteristics of diamond colorless transparency, high -colored dispersal, high refractive index, but their thermality, hardness, density, bun body, fluorescent properties, and absorption spectrum are different. It can be distinguished through the thermal guidance method, density and weight, polarizing mirror inspection, color dispersing, and refractive index measurement.
In steps to read
9
red, sapphire (Ruby and SAPPHIRE)
Ruby originated from Latin Ruber, which means red, and the hot red of ruby makes people always associate it with enthusiasm and love, and is known as "stone of love". Myanmar rubies have an important position in the international jewelry market, and have always been known for the production of "pigeon blood red" ruby. Sapphire's English name Sapphire also originated from Latin SAPPPHINS, which means blue. The ancient Persians believe that the glory of sapphire reflection makes the sky appear blue. It is regarded as a symbol of loyalty and high morals. The sapphire of "Yaru Chrysanthemum" in the Kashmir area has always been known as the best in sapphire.
The sapphire and sapphire are known as "four precious gems" with diamonds and emeralds with their magnificent and clear colors, high hardness and scarcity. More precious than sapphire. The scientific names of ruby and sapphire are both juveniles. There are many colors of Gangyu. In addition to the familiar red and blue, it also includes yellow, green, purple, pink, gray and colorless, and so on. Due to its special structure, the Jade Heman has a special optical effect, such as starlight ruby, star sapphire, and color -changing sapphire.
If the artificial optimization treatment of Gem Gemstones, in addition to common thermal treatment, also includes dyeing, impregnating color oil, filling and diffusion treatment. Gangyu processing products can be identified through color observation, amplifying the surface, internal characteristics, fluorescent testing, dual -color and conventional physical parameters.
In steps to read
Step reading
10
The most important and valuable variety in Beryl (Beryl) is called the "King of Garden" by the world. Emerald green characteristics of emerald can be slightly yellow or blue. The color is soft and bright, with velvet texture. In addition, emeralds are crispy and are easily broken when they are collided with external forces. Therefore, emeralds are often cut into typical staircases, also known as emeralds.
It with common varieties of emeralds, it also has special optical effects and special phenomena, such as emerald cat eyes, starlight emerald, and trapiche.
The differences between emerald and similar gems are mainly based on the nature of conventional physical parameters, light characteristics and internal characteristics. The main basis of the identification of the synthetic products is the internal characteristics and the characteristics of infrared spectrum.
In steps to read
11
pearl (pearl)
pearls are different from other gemstones, round molding, soft color, pearls, white and clear, no need to ponder processing, it is just without pondering processing. A beautiful and precious jewelry. Since ancient times, people have been cherished by people. People praise pearls as gems "queen", and they are a bright pearl in gems.
pearl jewelry
This of the inorganic component of pearls accounted for more than 91%of the mass score, the main body is calcium carbonate (text stones and square lipsticks), and a small amount of magnesium carbonate (magnesium ore), except In addition, it also contains more than 10 trace elements such as CU, Fe, Zn, Mn, MG, CR, SR, PB, NA, K, Ti, V, AL, AG, CO. The main body of the organic ingredients of pearls is shell protein and various pigments, accounting for about 3.5%-7%. The color of the pearl is a comprehensive color, accompaniment and faint color. According to the body color of pearls, pearls can be divided into hundreds of colors, red colors, yellow colors, black colors, and other colors. According to the causes and waters of pearls, pearls can be divided into natural pearls and breeding pearls. At present, most of the world's pearls in the world can be made. China is the main pearl breeding base in the world. The pearls of seawater breeding are mainly distributed in the North Bay and the South China Sea Basin, also known as "South Pearls". Freshwater non -nuclear breeding is mainly concentrated in Zhejiang and Jiangsu. At present, China's freshwater farming pearls exceed 90%of the world's total output.
The natural pearl has delicate texture, uniform structure, thick pearl layer, mostly dignified translucent and strong luster. The pearls of the breeding pearl are thin, the transparency is better, and the gloss is not as good as natural pearls. The shape of natural pearls is more irregular and small in diameter, while the breeding pearl pearls are mostly round and have large particle size, indicating that there are often concave pits and loose texture. Under the light source, slowly turning the pearls, the flash of the breeding pearl nucleus will be seen in the appropriate position, and the parallel stripes in the light and dark stripes in the pearl nucleus can also be seen. The pearl nucleus of breeding pearls is mostly grinded with freshwater mussel shells, so 80%of natural pearls floating in the density of 2.71g/cm3, and 90%of the breeding pearl sinks.
In Step Read
12
Amber (Amber)
Amber jewelry
This was formed after the geological effects of pine -family resin through the geological effect of millions of years ago The mixture of organic compounds is a famous organic gem. The temptation of amber is not only its beautiful appearance. Ancient animals and plant specimens that may be wrapped inside the amber attract many scholars and collectors from all over the world. They have multiple values such as wearing, scientific research, and collection. At the same time, amber is also a valuable Chinese medicinal material.
The amber has poor thermal conductivity, and it will feel temperature when contacting with lips. When burning, aroma is emitted. Unbusted amber suspended or floating in saturated salt water. However, because the source of amber is difficult to find and the supply is tight, the price of amber in the market has soared in recent years. The illegal merchants have taken the opportunity to imitate or mix with carlite or other resin to bring confusion to the market. In the field of jewelry appraisal, the appraisal of amber, especially the embedded amber jewelry, has become the research hotspots and difficulties of major quality inspection stations and research stations.
In steps to read
13
coral
The red coral
coral is a low -level intestinal animal coral secretion of calcium Bone formed by objects, and this bone is often produced by branches, known as fire trees. Excessive collection of corals will severely destroy the marine ecology, so corals are listed in the world as a secondary protection animal. Therefore, the existing coral products in the jewelry market are particularly precious.
The corals can be divided into two types of five types according to the ingredients and colors. Calcium type: red coral (also known as expensive coral), white coral, blue coral, horny type: black coral and gold coral Among them, calcium -type corals are easily contained in acid, dripping a small drop of dilute hydrochloric acid in an inconspicuous place, producing a large amount of bubbles, horny corals cannot be sour, but after heating
It is ninety -twenty -five thousandths
about this issue. Essence I
too, no. Essence Know. Essence
I think,
Baidu, gem knowledge Japanese record